Конструювання, виробництво та експлуатація сільськогосподарських машин. Випуск 49. - 2019
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Item Восстановление подшипниковых узлов скольжения полиамидоэпоксидными композиционными материалами(ЦНТУ, 2019) Малай, Л. Г.; Горобец, В. Ф.; Попескул, А. Т.; Malai, L.; Gorobet, V.; Popescul, A.Целью работы явлляется изучение трибологического поведения полиамидоэпоксидных композиционных материалов (ПЭКМ), в зависимости от концентрации отдельных компонентов. В качестве объекта исследования были выбраны трибологические пары металл–ПЭКМ, наполненные стеклянными микросферами и другими материалами. Мета роботи полягає у вивченні трибологічної поведінки поліамідоепоксидних композиційних матеріалів (ПЕКМ), в залежності від концентрації окремих компонентів. В якості об’єкта досліджень були обрані трибологічні пари метал–ПЕКМ, які наповнені скляними мікросферами та іншими матеріалами. The reliability, productivity and competitiveness of agricultural machinery, as well as related industries, is largely determined by the resource of sliding bearing units, which during operation are influenced by many adverse factors such as: high dust content, bad weather, temperature fluctuations, high humidity, aggressive medium, uneven loads, mechanical shocks, vibrations and shock loads, insufficient lubrication, etc. Therefore, the development and implementation of new materials for the restoration of sliding bearing units capable of working in such conditions is quite relevant and is of interest to science and practice in the field of technical service of agricultural machinery. Tribological tests were carried out on a universal tribometer UMT–2 using a special module for the pin–disk friction pairs. Visualization and recording of research results were carried out using a special program. The deviation of the location of the corresponding surfaces does not exceed 25% of the size tolerance of the corresponding surfaces. The studies were carried out under the following conditions: pressure 1 MPa, sliding speed 1,5 m/s, radius from the centre of the disk to the axis of sample 40 mm, Litol 24 was used as a lubricant. The proposed composite material as a matrix contains PA–12 polyamide (OST 6–05–425) – 70% and the epoxy oligomer P–EP.534 (TU 6–10–189–83) – 30%, and as fillers: molybdenum disulfide DM–1 (TU 48–19–133–90), hollow glass microspheres MS–VP gr. 5–4% and basalt fibre. The composite material was applied by hot pressing to one of the ends of the pins made of ordinary carbon steel without heat treatment. Studies on optimizing the composition of PECM were carried out using mathematical planning of experiments, namely, a 3–factor non–compositional plan of the Box–Benkin type. The obtained data were processed using the STATGRAPHICS program. An analysis of the equation shows that all factors contribute to a decrease in the coefficient of friction of the polyamide epoxy composition with steel (b1, b2 and b3, have negative values). Molybdenum disulfide, then glass microspheres and, finally, basalt microfiber (|b1|>|b2|>|b3|) most affects the coefficient of friction. The value of the optimal coefficient of friction (K=0,115). The values of these factors in coded coordinates are 5% – molybdenum disulfide, 23% – hollow glass microspheres and 4,31% – basalt microfiber from the composition. Based on the results of the studies, the following conclusions can be drawn: tribological monitoring of laboratory samples from composite polyamide–epoxy materials tested on carbon steel disks using LITOL lubricant showed a beneficial effect of all components of the composition on the friction coefficient; The results obtained made it possible to determine the optimal composition of PECM, at which the lowest coefficient of friction was achieved (K=0,115).Item Опыт использования альтернативного топлива в автомобилях и его воздействие на окружающую среду(ЦНТУ, 2019) Бешлягэ, И. И.; Малай, Л. Г.; Горобец, В. Ф.; Бешляге, І. І.; Bershliage, I.; Malai, L.; Gorobet, V.В работе представлено описание результатов экспериментальных исследований экологических характеристик двигателя с воспламенением от сжатия, работающего на альтернативных видах топлива (дизельное топливо, биодизельное топливо в смеси с дизельным топливом, чистое биодизельное топливо и чистое рапсовое масло). Приведены результаты определения выделения дыма при работе двигателя с различными видами топлива, выброса CO2, СО и СН в выхлопных газах в зависимости от мощности двигателя. Изложены выводы и рекомендации по снижению вредных выбросов от работы двигателя на дизеле и биодизеле в атмосферу. У роботі представлено опис результатів експериментальних досліджень екологічних характеристик двигуна із запалюванням від стиснення, що працює на альтернативних видах палива (дизельне паливо, біодизельне паливо в суміші з дизельним паливом, чисте біодизельне паливо і чисте рапсове масло). Наведено результати визначення виділення диму при роботі двигуна з різними видами палива, викиду CO2, СО і СН у вихлопних газах в залежності від потужності двигуна. Викладено висновки і рекомендації щодо зниження шкідливих викидів від роботи двигуна на дизелі і біодизель в атмосферу. The article is devoted to determining the main technological, operational and environmental characteristics of the operation of an internal combustion engine. Research was conducted using classic diesel, pure rapeseed oil, and a mixture of diesel and rapeseed oil in different proportions. The article provides a methodology for experimental research of the main technological, operational and environmental characteristics of the operation of the D-241L direct injection engine on various types of fuel. The qualitative characteristics of the used fuel are described. In the first series of experiments, smoke emission indicators were determined during engine operation at 1000 rpm and 2100 rpm with various types of fuel. It was revealed that the operating mode does not significantly affect the formation of smoke. In the following series of experiments, studies were made of the formation of harmful gases depending on the engine load. The regularities of emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) gases and hydrocarbon (CH) are determined when using various types of fuel. It was found that carbon dioxide emissions are minimal when using a mixture of diesel (25%) and rapeseed oil (75%) in all engine operating modes. The minimum emissions of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon for this mixture are observed only when the engine is running with a load of 75%. The results obtained allow us to draw the following conclusions. The physic-chemical properties of rapeseed oil differ significantly from the properties of diesel and mixtures. Rapeseed oil is not recommended for a long time to be used in engines with direct injection, since it does not completely burn out. To use rapeseed oil as a fuel for direct injection diesel engines, some modifications are required in their design. When the engine is running on pure rapeseed oil, the gas phase of emissions is higher compared to other types of fuel, which characterize the deterioration of the combustion process of the fuel mixture. Rapeseed oil and its mixture with a diesel engine reduce carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions in exhaust gases at an engine load of 75%.