ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ, Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ° Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½. ΠΠΈΠΏΡΡΠΊ 51. - 2021
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Item type:Item, ΠΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΡΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΈΡΡΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ(Π¦ΠΠ’Π£, 2021) Π§Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ», Π. Π.; Π‘Π²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ, Π. Π.; ΠΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ², Π. Π.; Chernovol, M.; Sviren, M.; Amosov, V.ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ. Π ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌ ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΡ Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ MathCAD Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΌΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠ½ Π²ΡΠ΄ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ² Π²Π°ΠΊΡΡΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΡΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΠ° ΠΏΠ°Π΄ΡΠ½Π½Ρ ΡΡ Π½Π° Π΄Π½ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈ. ΠΠΈΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΡΡΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π·Ρ Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠ½ ΡΠ° Π·Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ²ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ° Ξ³=60Β° ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ dmaxΠΊ=(1,7β2,0) rΡΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠ°ΠΉΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ³ΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡ, Π·ΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ·Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ°. The aim of this work is to determine the influence of the surface shape and geometric parameters of the suction hole on the uniformity of seed distribution along the length of the row and determine its rational parameters. The use of mathematical modeling significantly speeds up the research process. An algorithm and a program in the Mathcad system have been developed for simulating the process of separating seeds from the cylindrical, conical and toroidal surfaces of the suction holes of a vacuum pneumomechanical sowing device and their fall to the bottom of the furrow. The algorithm is based on the results of previous studies by the authors. Its initial data is the simulation with the help of a generator of random numbers of spherical seed sizes, which are distributed according to the truncated normal law. Each seed undergoes a process of separation from the surface of the suction hole and free fall to the bottom of the furrow. Computer experiments are repeated, changing the average seed diameters, surface type and geometric parameters of the suction hole surface. As a result of statistical processing of the obtained vector of intervals between adjacent seeds at the bottom of the furrow, the mean sample value of the interval between seeds and the standard deviation of the intervals are determined. The last indicator is chosen by the criterion of uniformity of distribution of seeds on length of a line. Graphs of dependence of this indicator on the investigated parameters are constructed. As a result of the analysis of graphs it was found that the uniformity of seed distribution along the length of the row deteriorates with decreasing average seed diameter and increasing the radius of the suction hole. With a conical surface of the suction hole, the highest uniformity of seed distribution along the row length is achieved at a cone angle Ξ³ = 60 Β° and a maximum diameter dmaxΠΊ=(1,7β2,0) rΡΠ΅ΠΌ. The highest uniformity of seed distribution along the length of the row can be achieved with a toroidal surface of the suction hole, in particular, with a minimum radius of the radial section of the torus.Item type:Item, Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ ΡΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΊ Π½Π° Π³Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠ²Π±ΠΈ ΡΠ° ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ(Π¦ΠΠ’Π£, 2021) ΠΠ°ΡΡΡ, Π. Π.; Zayets, M.ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΊ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ·Π±ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°ΠΉΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π· ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ±Π½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΡΡΡ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ° Π·Π°Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π³Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΡΡΠ²Π±ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΡΡ Π²ΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΡΡΡΡ. ΠΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ° Π³ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½Ρ Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΈΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ·Π±ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ ΡΠ° ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, Π² ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ° Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠ² Π½Π° ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ . The purpose of this article is to raise such an important issue as soil moisture retention during agricultural production. Also investigate the influence of methods and means of implementation of works that reduce the loss of precious moisture and the influence of these factors on the dynamics of future harvests, by varying the technological parameters of sowing field crops, such as seed depth, row spacing or sowing method. It is established that improving the quality of distribution of crop residues by combine harvesters with straw shredders over the field area significantly affects the parameters of regulation and ensuring the sowing depth of field crops and their yield. Mathematical models and graphical dependences are obtained to determine the dynamics of the harvest, and as a result of adjusting the technological parameters of the sowing process of field crops, from the uneven distribution of straw residues. The main indicators of grain harvesters operation and conditions in which they are used, and the influence of relevant factors on the technological indicators of laying the future harvest. The results of practical research have been experimentally confirmed in the field. The three most significant factors influencing the change of sowing depth of agricultural crops are determined - x1 width of distribution of crushed straw by combine, S = 9.54 ... 10.86 m; x2 - relative soil moisture, W = 12..14%; x3 - the length of the particle of chopped straw, L = 8.5 ... 10.25 mm. The sowing depth can be reduced h = 26..38 mm after harvesting by the first machine with increasing spreading width, for the second machine - the depth of seed placement should be increased to h = 36..42 mm, due to the uneven distribution of crop residues and reduced humidity soil.