ΠšΠΎΠ½ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΡŽΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ, Π²ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΈΡ†Ρ‚Π²ΠΎ Ρ‚Π° Сксплуатація ΡΡ–Π»ΡŒΡΡŒΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ€ΡΡŒΠΊΠΈΡ… машин. Випуск 51. - 2021

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  • Item type:Item,
    МодСлювання процСсу ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ·Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ дозування Π²Π°ΠΊΡƒΡƒΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΌ висівним Π°ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ
    (ЦНВУ, 2021) Π§Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ», М. Π†.; Π‘Π²Ρ–Ρ€Π΅Π½ΡŒ, М. О.; Амосов, Π’. Π’.; Chernovol, M.; Sviren, M.; Amosov, V.
    Використання ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ модСлювання Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΡ€ΡŽΡ” процСс Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»Ρ–Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡŒ. Π ΠΎΠ·Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌ Ρ‚Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΡƒ Π² систСмі MathCAD для Ρ–ΠΌΡ–Ρ‚Π°Ρ†Ρ–ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ модСлювання процСсу відокрСмлСння насінин Π²Ρ–Π΄ Ρ†ΠΈΠ»Ρ–Π½Π΄Ρ€ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡ—, ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΡ— Ρ‚Π° Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ—Π΄Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡ— ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…ΠΎΠ½ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡΠΌΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ²Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΡ‚Π²ΠΎΡ€Ρ–Π² Π²Π°ΠΊΡƒΡƒΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ висівного Π°ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π° Ρ‚Π° падіння Ρ—Ρ… Π½Π° Π΄Π½ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈ. ВиявлСно, Ρ‰ΠΎ Ρ€Ρ–Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ–Ρ€Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ–Π»Ρƒ насінин ΠΏΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ– рядка ΠΏΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ€ΡˆΡƒΡ”Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π·Ρ– змСншСнням ΡΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π½ΡŒΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Ρ–Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π° насінин Ρ‚Π° Π·Π±Ρ–Π»ΡŒΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ радіуса ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡΠΌΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ²Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π²ΠΎΡ€Ρƒ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ–Ρ‡Π½Ρ–ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½Ρ– ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡΠΌΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ²Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π²ΠΎΡ€Ρƒ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ²ΠΈΡ‰Π° Ρ€Ρ–Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ–Ρ€Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ–Π»Ρƒ насінин ΠΏΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ– рядка Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ³Π°Ρ”Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΊΡƒΡ‚Ρ– конуса Ξ³=60Β° Ρ‚Π° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π΄Ρ–Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ– dmaxΠΊ=(1,7–2,0) rсСм. Найвищу Ρ€Ρ–Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ–Ρ€Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ–Π»Ρƒ насінин ΠΏΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ– рядка ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎ досягти ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ—Π΄Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ–ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½Ρ– ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡΠΌΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ²Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π²ΠΎΡ€Ρƒ, Π·ΠΎΠΊΡ€Π΅ΠΌΠ°, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΌΡ–Π½Ρ–ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ радіусі Ρ€Π°Π΄Ρ–Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ€Ρ–Π·Ρƒ Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°. The aim of this work is to determine the influence of the surface shape and geometric parameters of the suction hole on the uniformity of seed distribution along the length of the row and determine its rational parameters. The use of mathematical modeling significantly speeds up the research process. An algorithm and a program in the Mathcad system have been developed for simulating the process of separating seeds from the cylindrical, conical and toroidal surfaces of the suction holes of a vacuum pneumomechanical sowing device and their fall to the bottom of the furrow. The algorithm is based on the results of previous studies by the authors. Its initial data is the simulation with the help of a generator of random numbers of spherical seed sizes, which are distributed according to the truncated normal law. Each seed undergoes a process of separation from the surface of the suction hole and free fall to the bottom of the furrow. Computer experiments are repeated, changing the average seed diameters, surface type and geometric parameters of the suction hole surface. As a result of statistical processing of the obtained vector of intervals between adjacent seeds at the bottom of the furrow, the mean sample value of the interval between seeds and the standard deviation of the intervals are determined. The last indicator is chosen by the criterion of uniformity of distribution of seeds on length of a line. Graphs of dependence of this indicator on the investigated parameters are constructed. As a result of the analysis of graphs it was found that the uniformity of seed distribution along the length of the row deteriorates with decreasing average seed diameter and increasing the radius of the suction hole. With a conical surface of the suction hole, the highest uniformity of seed distribution along the row length is achieved at a cone angle Ξ³ = 60 Β° and a maximum diameter dmaxΠΊ=(1,7–2,0) rсСм. The highest uniformity of seed distribution along the length of the row can be achieved with a toroidal surface of the suction hole, in particular, with a minimum radius of the radial section of the torus.
  • Item type:Item,
    Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ дослідТСння Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρƒ рівномірності Ρ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ–Π»Ρƒ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΡ‚ΠΎΠΊ Π½Π° Π³Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ сівби Ρ‚Π° ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΡΡ–Π»ΡŒΡΡŒΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ€ΡΡŒΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€
    (ЦНВУ, 2021) Π—Π°Ρ”Ρ†ΡŒ, М. Π›.; Zayets, M.
    ВстановлСно, Ρ‰ΠΎ підвищСння якості Ρ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ–Π»Ρƒ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΡ‚ΠΎΠΊ Π·Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ·Π±ΠΈΡ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°ΠΉΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π· ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ€Ρ–Π±Π½ΡŽΠ²Π°Ρ‡Π°ΠΌΠΈ соломи ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‰Ρ– поля Π² Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π½Ρ–ΠΉ ΠΌΡ–Ρ€Ρ– Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΡƒΠ»ΡŽΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Ρ‚Π° забСзпСчСння Π³Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ сівби ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€ Ρ‚Π° Ρ—Ρ… Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ. ΠžΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ– ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ– Ρ‚Π° Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ„Ρ–Ρ‡Π½Ρ– залСТності для визначСння Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡ–ΠΊΠΈ Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡŽ Π²Ρ–Π΄ нСрівномірності Ρ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ–Π»Ρƒ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΡ‚ΠΎΠΊ соломи. ВиявлСно основні ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈ Π·Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ·Π±ΠΈΡ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ… машин Ρ‚Π° ΡƒΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, Π² яких Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ Ρ‚Π° Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² Π²Ρ–Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ… Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ–Π² Π½Π° Ρ†Ρ– ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΈΡ… Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»Ρ–Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡŒ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ–Π΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ– Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… ΡƒΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ…. The purpose of this article is to raise such an important issue as soil moisture retention during agricultural production. Also investigate the influence of methods and means of implementation of works that reduce the loss of precious moisture and the influence of these factors on the dynamics of future harvests, by varying the technological parameters of sowing field crops, such as seed depth, row spacing or sowing method. It is established that improving the quality of distribution of crop residues by combine harvesters with straw shredders over the field area significantly affects the parameters of regulation and ensuring the sowing depth of field crops and their yield. Mathematical models and graphical dependences are obtained to determine the dynamics of the harvest, and as a result of adjusting the technological parameters of the sowing process of field crops, from the uneven distribution of straw residues. The main indicators of grain harvesters operation and conditions in which they are used, and the influence of relevant factors on the technological indicators of laying the future harvest. The results of practical research have been experimentally confirmed in the field. The three most significant factors influencing the change of sowing depth of agricultural crops are determined - x1 width of distribution of crushed straw by combine, S = 9.54 ... 10.86 m; x2 - relative soil moisture, W = 12..14%; x3 - the length of the particle of chopped straw, L = 8.5 ... 10.25 mm. The sowing depth can be reduced h = 26..38 mm after harvesting by the first machine with increasing spreading width, for the second machine - the depth of seed placement should be increased to h = 36..42 mm, due to the uneven distribution of crop residues and reduced humidity soil.