ΠΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΡ Π¦ΠΠ’Π£
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Item type:Item, Π’ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΡ Π³Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΄ ΡΠ°Ρ Π·Π±ΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΡΠ»ΡΠ·Π±ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΈ(Π¦ΠΠ’Π£, 2018) ΠΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠ²ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, Π. Π.; ΠΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, Π. Π.; ΠΠ°Π»ΡΠΉΡΡΠΊ, Π. Π.; ΠΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, Π. Π.; ΠΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, Π. Π.; ΠΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΡΠΊ, Π. Π.; Kulykivskyi, V.; Borovskyi, V.; PalΡychuk, V.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΡ, Π³Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π·Π±ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½, ΡΠΊΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ² ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ². ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ Π·Π°Π·ΠΎΡ ΠΌΡΠΆ Π²ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΡΡ ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π³Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΡ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΠΈ, Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ². Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π·Π°Π·ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΡΡ ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Π° ΠΈ Π²Π»Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ½ ΡΠΎΠΈ. When performing technological processes agricultural production the grain is repeatedly subjected to shocks, compression and friction, which is accompanied by damage to the surface and internal tissues of the seeds. The main cause of damage to the seeds is the mechanical action of the screw working bodies of the machines and tools during post-harvest processing, drying and transportation. A significant portion of damaged seeds appears already at the stage of soybean harvesting. The level of damage to the grain during harvesting depends on the perfection of the design of the harvesting machines, the modes of operation of their working bodies, the timing and methods of harvesting, and the physical and mechanical properties of the grain at the time of displacement. The purpose of the paper is to determine the dependence of the grain material injury on the parameters of screw feeders and to substantiate their optimal values. The greatest influence on the damage of grain material carries a gap between the turns of the screw working organ and the screw housing its approximation to the size of the grain particles leads to increased destruction of individual grains. The use of conveyors with a minimum gap between the screw and the housing allows reducing soybean grain damage by up to 0.2% as well as reducing the microscopic damage to seeds threefold while maintaining the maximum productivity of the process. Increasing the travel distance significantly affects the damage to the grain material. During the twofold transmission of soybean grain through a screw conveyor, the maximum damage to the seeds was 1.4 % of the total amount of transported grain. A doubling of the transportation distance led to a significant increase in grain damage, which reached 2.8 %. Damage to soybean grain by screw conveyors during harvesting depends on its humidity. With a high moisture content of the material, the screw working bodies deform the soybean seeds and the seed coat peels off. The decrease in humidity leads to a significant fragmentation of the grains by the working bodies of the conveyors. The optimal indicators of moisture content of soybean grain, in terms of the formation of macroscopic and microscopic damage to seeds, by a screw conveyor, are in the range of 13...15%.Item type:Item, Π’ΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ Π³Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΡΠ²(Π¦ΠΠ’Π£, 2017) ΠΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠ²ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, Π. Π.; ΠΠ°Π»ΡΠΉΡΡΠΊ, Π. Π.; ΠΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, Π. Π.; ΠΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, Π. Π.; ΠΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΡΠΊ, Π. Π.; ΠΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, Π. Π.; Kulykivskyi, V.; PalΡychuk, V.; Borovskyi, V.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΡΠ², ΡΠΊΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ² ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΊΡΠ². ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ Π·Π°Π·ΠΎΡ ΠΌΡΠΆ Π²ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΡΡ ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π³Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ° ΠΊΡΡ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΊΠ°. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ². Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π·Π°Π·ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΡΡ ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ» Π½Π°ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΊΠ°. The purpose of the paper is to determine the dependence of the grain material injury on the parameters of screw feeders and to substantiate their optimal values. The greatest influence on the damage of grain material carries a gap between the turns of the screw working organ and the screw housing, its approximation to the size of the grain particles leads to increased destruction of individual grains. When the gap is less than the minimum size of the grains, it is practically not observed in the movement during the casing, and when the clearance is more than three average parts of the parts, a passively barely moving material layer forms on the bottom of the casing. The use of feeders with the minimum gap between the screw turns and the casing reduces grain damage by the screw working organ while maintaining the maximum process performance. Changing the angle of the screw feeder not only increases the specific energy consumption of the process, but also affects the growth of damage to the moving grain material.