Збірники наукових праць ЦНТУ

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Author: search.filters.author.Malakhovska, V.

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    Аналіз енергоефективності сільськогосподарських дронів у системі точного землеробства
    (ЦНТУ, 2023) Васильковська, К. В.; Андрієнко, О. О.; Малаховська, В. О.; Vasylkovska, К.; Andriienko, О.; Malakhovska, V.
    В статті зроблено порівняльний аналіз енергоефективності наземних обприскувачів та дронів для сільського господарства. Для цього обрано найбільш використовувані в Україні моделі самохідних обприскувачів та сільськогосподарських дронів. Проаналізовано функціональні та технологічних можливості сільськогосподарських дронів в порівнянні з наземними обприскувачами. Порівняння технологічного процесу обприскування самохідними обприскувачами та сільськогосподарськими дронами виявлено ряд переваг безпілотних літальних апаратів. The article provides a comparative analysis of the energy efficiency of ground sprayers and drones for agriculture. Today, agricultural drones are an integral part of the precision farming system, which combines soil tillage operations, sowing, fertilizing, application of chemicals and growth stimulants, and harvesting into a single technological line. The search for new technological solutions to increase the yield of agricultural crops is a primary condition for the transition to a new level of management and the survival of the agricultural production industry in a difficult time for the country. For a comparative analysis of energy efficiency, the most used models of self-propelled sprayers and agricultural drones in Ukraine were selected. The functional and technological capabilities of agricultural drones in comparison with ground sprayers are analyzed. A comparison of the technological process of spraying with selfpropelled sprayers and agricultural drones revealed a number of advantages of unmanned aerial vehicles. The specific fuel consumption of both sprayers was determined, so the specific consumption of New Holland is equal to 0.44 l/ha, and that of Tecnoma is 0.5 l/ha. The specific energy consumption of agricultural drones was determined, so the specific energy consumption of the LOVOL LJ16L-606 is 0.41 kW/ha, and the DJI AGRAS T30 is 0.31 kW/ha. To compare the specific energy consumption of self-propelled and unmanned units in monetary terms, it was established that for the New Holland GUARDIAN 275F self-propelled sprayer this indicator is 25.0 UAH/ha, for the Tecnoma LASER4240 self-propelled sprayer it is 22.0 UAH/ha, and for agricultural drones it is 7 .6 UAH/ha and 5.7 UAH/ha for LOVOL LJ16L-606 and DJI AGRAS T30, respectively. Therefore, the use of agricultural drones for the system of precision farming in agricultural production is not only a modern technology that provides the opportunity to apply technological materials during the entire growing season of plants, but is also more ecological and economical than when using self-propelled sprayers.
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    Аналіз експортного потенціалу зернових в Україні
    (ЦНТУ, 2019) Васильковська, К. В.; Малаховська, В. О.; Васильковская, К. В.; Малаховская, В. О.; Vasylkovska, K.; Malakhovska, V.
    В статті представлено результати аналізу виробництва та врожайності зернових культур в Україні за період з 2000 по 2018 роки. Здійснено порівняльний аналіз валового збору та експорту зернових за досліджувані роки. Виявлено залежність експорту від валового збору, пораховано його частку. Визначено, що експорт зернових культур зріс за досліджувані роки, що свідчить про значний експортний потенціал України. З’ясовано, що збільшення частки експорту стало можливим завдяки якісній зміні врожайності, що забезпечено зміною технології вирощування. Надано рекомендації щодо подальшого вдосконалення технології вирощування в зв’язку із зміною клімату задля подальшого зростання врожайності та збільшення експортного потенціалу України. В статье представлены результаты анализа производства и урожайности зерновых культур в Украине за период с 2000 по 2018 годы. Проведен сравнительный анализ валового сбора и экспорта зерновых за исследуемые годы. Выявлена зависимость экспорта от валового сбора, рассчитана его доля. Определено, что экспорт зерновых культур вырос за исследуемые годы, что свидетельствует о значительном экспортном потенциале Украины. Установлено, что увеличение доли экспорта стало возможным благодаря качественному изменению урожайности, которое обеспечено изменением технологии выращивания. Представлены рекомендации по дальнейшему совершенствованию технологии выращивания в связи с изменением климата в целях дальнейшего роста урожайности и увеличения экспортного потенциала Украины. The beginning of this century was marked by increased interest in food and energy security. The favorable geographical position and favorable natural and climatic conditions together with exclusive black earths make Ukraine one of the most promising producers of food in the world. However, there are a number of problems, both internal and external, that do not allow our country to fully reach its full potential. Along with the war in the east and political instability, there are a number of problems with the transformation of foreign trade and integration into the EU. The purpose of this article is to analyze the export potential of cereals in Ukraine, to determine the dependencies between the gross harvest, yield and export of cereals, as well as to formulate recommendations for determining the efficiency of Ukrainian exports, its capacity and opportunities to increase in connection with the transition to new technologies for growing cereals in the face of changing climatic conditions. It was found that with a constant average value of the area under cereals of 14.9 million hectares, the gross collection tended to grow steadily, and accordingly the prospects for an increase in the share of grain exports appeared. It has been proved that this was made possible by the change in cultivation technology and, as a consequence, the increase of grain yield to 47.4 centner per hectare in 2018, which exceeds the 2000 figure (19.4 centner per hectare) by 2.4 times. The share of exports in the gross collection also tended to increase. In 2000, the share of exports was 5.3%, and in 2018 - 70.6%. Leaving 20.5 to 22.5 million tones of grain, Ukrainian agrarians export an average of 38.9% of the harvest. The study shows that Ukraine has the prerequisites for increasing grain exports, which is facilitated by such external factors as WTO accession, integration processes, and market orientation in the EU. At the same time, it is substantiated that considerable attention should be paid to the organizational and technological factors of the internal environment of agricultural producers. Due to changes in climatic conditions, there is a gradual change in the technology of growing crops. Changing the technology of cultivation involves the transition to new agricultural units that will provide moisture-saving agriculture. Without state support for agricultural production, it is impossible for farmers to make a qualitative and quantitative transition to higher yields. That is, direct support of farms by the state in the transition to the newest systems of cultivation technology is a key to increasing Ukraine's grain yields and, as a result of its export potential. Further studies of Ukraine's export potential should focus on identifying the dependence of the gross harvest and yield of oilseeds, as well as exploring the prospects for increasing the share of exports of oilseeds in Ukraine and formulating recommendations on how to increase their share of exports and prospects for their highly productive cultivation.