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Опыт использования альтернативного топлива в автомобилях и его воздействие на окружающую среду
(ЦНТУ, 2019) Бешлягэ, И. И.; Малай, Л. Г.; Горобец, В. Ф.; Бешляге, І. І.; Bershliage, I.; Malai, L.; Gorobet, V.
В работе представлено описание результатов экспериментальных исследований экологических характеристик двигателя с воспламенением от сжатия, работающего на альтернативных видах топлива (дизельное топливо, биодизельное топливо в смеси с дизельным топливом, чистое биодизельное топливо и чистое рапсовое масло). Приведены результаты определения выделения дыма при работе двигателя с различными видами топлива, выброса CO2, СО и СН в выхлопных газах в зависимости от мощности двигателя. Изложены выводы и рекомендации по снижению вредных выбросов от работы двигателя на дизеле и биодизеле в атмосферу. У роботі представлено опис результатів експериментальних досліджень екологічних характеристик двигуна із запалюванням від стиснення, що працює на альтернативних видах палива (дизельне паливо, біодизельне паливо в суміші з дизельним паливом, чисте біодизельне паливо і чисте рапсове масло). Наведено результати визначення виділення диму при роботі двигуна з різними видами палива, викиду CO2, СО і СН у вихлопних газах в залежності від потужності двигуна. Викладено висновки і рекомендації щодо зниження шкідливих викидів від роботи двигуна на дизелі і біодизель в атмосферу. The article is devoted to determining the main technological, operational and environmental characteristics of the operation of an internal combustion engine. Research was conducted using classic diesel, pure rapeseed oil, and a mixture of diesel and rapeseed oil in different proportions. The article provides a methodology for experimental research of the main technological, operational and environmental characteristics of the operation of the D-241L direct injection engine on various types of fuel. The qualitative characteristics of the used fuel are described. In the first series of experiments, smoke emission indicators were determined during engine operation at 1000 rpm and 2100 rpm with various types of fuel. It was revealed that the operating mode does not significantly affect the formation of smoke. In the following series of experiments, studies were made of the formation of harmful gases depending on the engine load. The regularities of emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) gases and hydrocarbon (CH) are determined when using various types of fuel. It was found that carbon dioxide emissions are minimal when using a mixture of diesel (25%) and rapeseed oil (75%) in all engine operating modes. The minimum emissions of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon for this mixture are observed only when the engine is running with a load of 75%. The results obtained allow us to draw the following conclusions. The physic-chemical properties of rapeseed oil differ significantly from the properties of diesel and mixtures. Rapeseed oil is not recommended for a long time to be used in engines with direct injection, since it does not completely burn out. To use rapeseed oil as a fuel for direct injection diesel engines, some modifications are required in their design. When the engine is running on pure rapeseed oil, the gas phase of emissions is higher compared to other types of fuel, which characterize the deterioration of the combustion process of the fuel mixture. Rapeseed oil and its mixture with a diesel engine reduce carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions in exhaust gases at an engine load of 75%.
Анализ термодинамических процессов двигателей внутреннего сгорания работающих на биодизеле
(ЦНТУ, 2018) Бешлягэ, И. И.; Малай, Л. Г.; Бешляге, І. І.; Bershliage, I.; Malai, L.
В работе представлен расчет теплового сжатия двигателя с воспламенением, который определяет сравнительные параметры технологического цикла работы, энергетические и экономические показатели, давление работы газового цилиндра дизеля и биотоплива. В роботі представлений розрахунок теплового стиску двигуна із запалюванням, який визначає порівняльні параметри технологічного циклу роботи, енергетичні та економічні показники, тиск роботи газового циліндра дизеля і біопалива. Biodiesel is a safe product that reduces the amount of pollutants such as ash, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and other harmful substances. The use of this fuel has been approved by many European manufacturers for use in automobiles. Therefore, it became necessary to carry out theoretical studies on the calculation and analysis of the thermodynamic processes of internal combustion engines operating in pure biodiesel or mixed with diesel fuel in various proportions. The paper presents the calculation of the thermal compression of the engine with ignition, which determines the comparative parameters of the technological cycle of work, energy and economic indicators, the pressure of the gas cylinder of a diesel engine and biofuel. The calculation was based on the improved Grinevetskyi method, which is an analytical method of calculation by correcting the theoretical reference diagram. On the basis of theoretical studies on the analysis of thermodynamic processes of internal combustion engines operating on biodiesel, we managed to find out the following. Engines operating on biodiesel provide a reduction in the average pressure of the theoretical cycle and the effective engine power compared to engines operating on petroleum fuel. This is due to the fact that biodiesel fuel has a lower heat transfer compared with diesel fuel. Biofuels, which contain 12% oxygen, require the least amount of air during combustion in compression ignition engines than during combustion of diesel fuel. When refueling engines with compression ignition by biodiesel, maintaining the projected nominal power will be ensured by increased specific fuel consumption compared to refueling engines with compression ignition operating on diesel fuel.

Конструювання, виробництво та експлуатація сільськогосподарських машин. Загальнодержавний міжвідомчий науково-технічний збірник.

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