Дослідження процесу сумішоутворення лопатевим змішувачем для ВРХ
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Date
2022
Authors
Кісільов, Р. В.
Лузан, П. Г.
Богатирьов, Д. В.
Нестеренко, О. В.
Kisilyov, R.
Luzan, P.
Bohatyrov, D.
Nesterenko, O.
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
ЦНТУ
Abstract
У статті за рахунок проведеного аналізу різних існуючих конструкцій запропоновано
використання новітньої схеми лопатевого змішувача кормів. Теоретичними та експериментальними
дослідженнями було отримано основні конструктивні і кінематичні параметри робочих органів, що в
подальшому дозволило визначити їх вплив на неоднорідність кормової суміші, тобто якісного показника,
що характеризує процес підготовки кормів для згодовування. Отримані залежності досить ефективно
характеризують роботу лопатевого змішувача та приготування повнораціонної збалансованої суміші для
ВРХ. Dairy and meat cattle breeding of Ukraine is one of leading and most essential industries of stockraising,
that provides a production of more than 95% of cow milk and 50...60% of beef. In the world market
demand is on high-quality milk, beef and products of their processing constantly grows and that is why has an
important economic value for development of industry of cattle breeding in agricultural production of our
country. In general process of production goods of cattle breeding a decisive role belongs to forage. They have
subzero quality, in most cases, insufficient quantities are produced, and their share in cost price of milk and beef
is more than half of costs.
In connection with transfer of animal husbandry to market farming conditions, a long-term national
program has been developed, which provides for increasing the volume of milk and beef production, reducing
cost of production, improving its quality, comprehensive intensification of cattle breeding by creating a strong
fodder base, increasing its efficiency and productivity of grain and fodder cultures, application of new
progressive feeding technologies, preparation of fodder for feeding, preparation of highly nutritious fodder
mixtures and implementation of complex mechanization and automation of production processes on farms and
complexes. Realization of technical and plant-breeding progress of high-performance production of milk and
beef in industry requires near-term providing of animals in a sufficient amount high-quality biologically valuable
forage that can be balanced in rations of cattle by organic, mineral and biologically-active nutritives and
microelements and microaddings in accordance with pre-arranged productivity with maintenance of necessary
for this purpose vital functions and physiology state of animal.
Generalized analysis of traditional machines and technical equipments for preparation of forage mixtures
for a cattle showed that existent mixers not to a full degree provided quality indexes in relation to preparation of
moist forage mixtures and have a certain list of some defects. Namely, the constructions of mobile mixers exceed
norms in terms of specific metal density by1,5...2 times, while the energy consumption for the drive of working
bodies is 3...4 times. Such significant disadvantages of traditional mixers limit their use on cattle farms.
In the article, a systematic approach of systems is considered in relation to technological process of
mixing of different components of mixture, that is presented as determined model of functioning of mixer of
forage of batch-type at all stages of its operation: from loading components to receiving and unloading the
finished feed mixture. On the basis of the conducted research, the technological scheme of the paddle mixer,
which consists of a body with a loading neck and an unloading auger, is substantiated. Flat blades with a
corresponding step are hardly installed on supports along a mixer, which are equipped by radial fingers for
loosening of monolith of mixture in the corps of mixer. Blades are installed with right and angle of inclination
their working surface to axis of shaft.
Purpose of experimental researches was envisage study of conformities to law of influence of
geometrical and kinematics parameters on quality of preparation of forage mixtures. Such important factors
were: frequency of rotation of billow of mixer; width of flat blade; an angle of its inclination to axis of the shaft
and duration of forage mixing.
After realization of experimental researches at processing of received data we applied a mathematical
application that allowed to build dependences and get rational values package. They are as follows: the rational
width value of blade is 45 mm, angle of its inclination is 500, the frequency of rotation of agitator shaft should
not exceed 90 rpm. with duration of process 6...8 min. According to these parameters, proposed design of mixer
ensures homogeneity of mixture at level of 92%, while basic homogeneity index for cattle is 86%.
Description
Keywords
змішувач кормів, кормова суміш, добовий раціон, зоотехнічні вимоги, тваринництво, неоднорідність кормосуміші, feed mixer, feed mixture, daily ration, zootechnical requirements, animal husbandry, homogeneity of feed mixture
Citation
Дослідження процесу сумішоутворення лопатевим змішувачем для ВРХ / Р. В. Кісільов, П. Г. Лузан, Д. В. Богарирьов, О. В. Нестеренко // Конструювання, виробництво та експлуатація сільськогосподарських машин : загальнодерж. міжвід. наук.-техн. зб. – Кропивницький : ЦНТУ, 2022. – Вип. 52. – С. 66-72.