Збірники наукових праць ЦНТУ
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Item Проблеми функціонування системи ProZorro та шляхи їх подолання(ЦНТУ, 2018) Харченко, І. В.; Романюк, Л. М.; Харченко, И. В.; Kharchenko, І.; Romaniuk, L.Стаття присвячена проблемам функціонування системи державних закупівель ProZorrо. Проаналізовано позитивні риси та проблеми застосування даної системи. Досліджено прийоми, які можуть бути використані організаторами та учасниками торгів для перемоги в конкурентній боротьбі, та їх наслідки для підприємств, які добросовісно виконують вимоги законодавства в сфері державних закупівель. Запропоновано шляхи подолання корупції на підставі дослідження вітчизняного досвіду, аналізу кроків влади по подоланню цього явища – впровадження системи запобігання корупційним проявам DoZorrо - та досвіду країн з розвиненою ринковою економікою, зокрема закони Юнсітрал (Uncitral). Статья посвящена проблемам функционирования системы государственных закупок ProZorrо. Проанализированы положительные черты и проблемы использования этой системы. Исследованы приемы, которые могут быть использованы организаторами и участниками торгов для победы в конкурентной борьбе, и их последствия для предприятий, которые добросовестно выполняют требования законодательства в сфере государственных заказов. Предложены пути преодоления коррупции на основании исследования отечественного опыта, анализа действий власти по преодолению этого явления - внедрение системы предотвращения коррупционных проявлений DoZorrо - и опыта стран с развитой рыночной экономикой, в частности законы Юнситрал (Uncitral). The objective of the article is to analyze the shortcomings in the work of the ProZorrо public procurement system in the sphere of supplying, in particular, the enterprises that ensure «Ukrzaliznytsia» operation, to search for the causes of such state and potential ways of improvement the system. These techniques may include: (1) Attempts to "hide" the call for tender so that it could only be found by the “insiders”; (2) Accepting only "desirable" contractors in the bidding process; (3) Formulating discrimination conditions for “undesirable” participants; (4) Currently, the only criterion for determining the winning bidder is the lowest price, the quality is not taken into consideration; (5) Litigation of the results of auctions became too expensive and therefore loses its effectiveness; (6) Mistakes made by participants (correction of which becomes a complex problem); (7) Ungrounded cancellation of the auctions; (8) The client "removes" undesirable participants in the process of post-auction qualification. There is over-threshold (over 1 million UAH) and sub-threshold purchasing. Over-threshold purchases are easier to control. In case of sub-threshold purchasing the possibility of corruption is much higher. Important details of the orders are not being declared. The regulation of government procurement is a subject of major interest of legislators around the world. The basic principles include: transparency, openness and effective competition (non-discrimination), fairness as equal opportunities for all purchasers. Modern international law on public procurement is based on the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL). Based on a thorough analysis, authors suggest that implementation of this law in Ukraine is strongly recommended. It is agreed that its implementation could prevent the major problems of government procurement. In order to improve the ProZorro procedure, in January 2018 President of Ukraine signed a decree on the introduction of the DoZorro portal, aimed at preventing corruption practices and collecting data about organizations that were noticed in such instances. Activists of the DoZorro portal are able to restore justice in 40% of procurement violation cases. We consider it insufficient and see this step only as a simulation of fight against corruption, which discredits the very idea of preventing and fighting corruption, allowing corrupt officials to continue their work practices as before. Therefore, we can summarize our findings are as follows: - It is necessary to improve procurement systems – in particular the ProZorro system, aiming increasing independence from subjective factors, to create a transparent, democratic and efficient procedure, based on the UNSITRAL Model Law. In this way it is possible to improve the work of the monopoly industries, in particular «Ukrzaliznytsia», and the enterprises that provide their work. It is necessary to have effective appeal procedures with actual terms of their execution. The functions of the whole judicial system should be optimized to reach a desirable level. The role of support and cooperation of state and others bodies should not be underestimated.Item Передумови впровадження системи «шодзінка» в системі бережливого виробництва як умова стратегічного успіху підприємства(КНТУ, 2016) Харченко, І. В.; Романюк, Л. М.; Kharchenko, І.; Romaniuk, L.Стаття присвячена розгляду передумов впровадження системи «шодзінка» – однієї з важливих складових системи бережливого виробництва, яка дозволяє створити значні переваги в конкурентній боротьбі та досягати поставлених стратегічних цілей. Розглянуті питання впровадження потоку одиничних виробів на окремих українських машинобудівних підприємствах. З’ясовано, що таке впровадження можливе, якщо будуть забезпечені необхідні умови для професійного розвитку персоналу. Це дозволить активно нагромаджувати та використовувати досвід і професійні вміння кваліфікованого персоналу для успішної реалізації однієї з базових організаційних складових системи бережливого виробництва - системи регульованого потоку. The aim of our work was researching the problems of implementing a regulated flow on Ukrainian machine-building plants. Literature sources (mainly Japanese) as well as practical experience accumulated on Ukrainian enterprises have been analyzed. It has been substantiated that human resource management methods on Ukrainian facilities are completely different from Japanese. First of all, conditions for high-quality technological procedures created during the norm-setting process are completely different. Japanese rate-setters (e.g. on Toyota enterprise) establish the time amount (norm) required for certain operations and demonstrate how each operation should be performed. The main aim of a rate-setter on a Japanese enterprise is to achieve the highest quality of performance. Ukrainian rate-setters estimate the norm based on the desire to increase the performance productivity, which prevents achieving a high quality of production. Experienced and highly-skilled workers are in great value at Toyota enterprises and create all the necessary conditions for effective and productive work which include their physical and mental conditions are created. Every operation is planned based on the estimation of effort that should be applied by every worker, as well as maintaining just rewards for the amount of work, payment, and shift assignment. It stimulates workers to master several professions and creates conditions for multiprocessing of mills, and therefore - implementing a regulated flow. It has been discovered that enterprises of Kropyvnytskyi region possess a high level of employee turnover, even considering the high level of unemployment in Ukraine. This situation proves an unsatisfactory conditions and low payment, and does not stimulates workers to master multiprocessing performance, which therefore does not create favorable conditions for the creation of a regulated flow - an important part of lean production. It has been substantiated that complete implementation of such system would benefit the strategic situation of Ukrainian machine-building enterprises. Chief executive officers should alter their approach to forming the corporate culture of an enterprise, stimulating efforts of highly qualified and experienced workers and creating advantageous conditions for their professional growth.