Економічні науки. Випуск 25. – 2014
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Item Роль та місце вищої освіти України в сучасній економічній системі(КНТУ, 2014) Сало, А. В.; Salo, AnastasiiaВ статті розглянуто та розширено поняття вищої освіти, проведений аналіз вищої освіти в контексті глобалізації українського суспільства. Обґрунтовано взаємозв’язок та залежність роботи інституту вищої школи України з економічним зростанням країни. Розглянуті та конкретизовані головні проблеми сфери вищої освіти України. Представлений аналіз впливу недоліків вищої освіти на загальноекономічну ситуацію в державі. Запропонована низка можливих шляхів подолання головних проблем в системі вищої освіти України. Taking into account rapid development of all spheres of the country in light of the recent globalization trends, it is impossible not to notice substantial retardation of all sub-systems of higher education. This condition is one of the major subsystems of the country is threatening and extremely dangerous. Despite the fact that the education system provides the country with such essential resources as intellectual capital, labor and scientific potential, modernization of this system through the reconsideration and resolve urgent problems is obvious. The article deals with basic questions of reforming and improving the system of higher education in Ukraine in the context of European integration processes. Despite rapid development of a modern system of higher education is seen as the main factor of social and economic progress. That is why it is appropriate selection and specification of new requirements that are dictated by these processes. The article analyzes the key directions, which primarily affected by the changes of European integration. The main of them already have modified a number of requirements to the graduates of higher educational institutions. As a result of gradual analysis presents the most immediate sector of higher education functions, requires radical changes. The author gives examples of the use of outdated and inefficient levers of influence on the educational process, and proposed alternative to the more effective ways, such as replacing the old administrative principles of motivational. This innovative policy in the framework of higher education allows to form an intelligent, conscious and competitive nation, able to direct its potential for the benefit of the country. The author has studied the quantitative indicators of graduates of higher educational institutions, the main trends in this direction. Together in addition to quantitative indicators, paid attention to the qualitative component of this sector research. Namely analyzed such functions of higher education, both internal and external efficiency, represented by their principal criteria and factors of influence. In addition to the work carried out examination and analysis of the most painful problems of the current state of higher education which include financing, material and technical basis, organization of educational process.The author presents suggestions for the improvement of the status in these areas, and also expressed an opinion about expediency of the refusal of outdated methods of conducting of educational policy in Ukraine.Item Удосконалення вищої освіти в умовах реалізації інноваційно-інвестиційної моделі розвитку економіки(КНТУ, 2014) Кривоногова, І. Г.; Krivonogova, IrinaУ статті досліджуються підходи удосконалення вищої освіти. Пропонуються інноваційні підходи управління вишем на основі організаційного управління. Розглянута структуризація цілей в процесі удосконалення організаційного управління вузом з метою реалізації однієї з важливих функцій системного аналізу - робота з цілями. Визначені нові критерії оцінки діяльності вузів, які виражаються, наприклад, у тому, що для акредитації вузу обов'язково наявність системи менеджменту якості, а для проектно- програмного фінансування необхідний відповідний рівень інноваційного потенціалу. Обґрунтовано, що сучасним українським університетам необхідно переходити від функції управління змінами за фактом їх звершення, коли основна увага приділяється адаптації, до нової парадигми управління, яка полягає у створенні «організаційних знань» та управлінні на основі знань. The article examines the approaches of improving higher education. Offers an innovative approach to the management of the university - based organizational management. Considered structuring objectives in improving the organizational management of the university in order to implement one of the important functions of the system analysis - work with objectives. Defined new criteria for the evaluation of universities, which are expressed, for example, that for the accreditation of the university one must have a quality management system, and to design and program funding needs an appropriate level of innovation capacity. It is proved that in order to be competitive, universities must build adequate development strategy. Effectiveness of the strategy depends on the willingness of the university to quality management changes that are associated primarily with the transition from administrative management to strategic management and performance management. The analysis leads to the conclusion that modern Ukrainian universities need to move from change management features upon which they occurred when the focus is on adapting to the new management paradigm which is to create «institutional knowledge» and knowledge-based management. It comes to achieving the critical success factors - the most strategic targets to ensure competitiveness of the university. Along with this need innovative solutions, which will be the key mechanism for creating and sustaining competitive advantage, development of adaptive competencies of the University and its employees. Thus, an updated organizational and technological tools of university management, the introduction of new management tools with a focus on the use of organizational knowledge. Given the large number of factors discussed there is a need to further their group, setting different kinds of combinations and interdependencies as a basis for constructing the transformational model of management of innovative university, which contributes to its establishment as a self-developing adaptive organization.