Збірники наукових праць ЦНТУ
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Item Вдосконалення конструкції бітерів дозатора кормів порційної дії(ЦНТУ, 2023) Кісільов, Р. В.; Кропівний, В. М.; Лузан, П. Г.; Нестеренко, О. В.; Kisilov, R.; Kropivny, V.; Luzan, P.; Protasenko, O.У статті за рахунок проведеного аналізу роботи дозуючих пристроїв запропонована конструкція бункерного дозатора порційної дії типу БДК-Ф-70-20, який обладнаний круглоланковим ланцюгом та гребінками. Теоретичними дослідженнями було обґрунтовано конструктивні та режимні параметри дозаторів-відокремлювачів обладнаних радіальними пальцями. Визначено їх вплив на якість дозування вологих та грубих компонентів у процесі розвантаження кормів на поперечний горизонтальний транспортер. In the article, based on the analysis of the operation of dosing devices, the construction of a portioned hopper doser of the BDK-F-70-20 type, which is equipped with a circular chain and combs, is proposed. The design and operating parameters of dispenser-separators equipped with radial fingers were substantiated by theoretical studies. Their influence on the quality of dosing of wet and coarse components in the process of unloading feed onto a transverse horizontal conveyor was determined. The technological process of dosed supply of crushed stem, juicy and other viscous fodder is carried out using a one- and two-stage system. The monolith of feed raw material in the bunker is fed by a chain-slat conveyor to the separating devices, which consist of beaters. The rake fingers of the beaters comb and loosen the material of the feed monolith that comes into contact with them and is discharged onto a cross conveyor or fed directly into the processing line to the assembly conveyor and mixing of components (one-stage feed dosing system). The capacity of the beater system must exceed the capacity of the feeder, which provides feed to the block of beaters, and be consistent with it. The given system can provide adjustable, metered delivery of viscous feed materials with acceptable deviations. To increase the accuracy of dosing of viscous stem and other feed materials and to ensure the performance of the beater device within the permissible technological tolerance, a two-stage dosing system is used, which consists of a feeder, a beater-type dispenser-separator and an equalizing combing device of the cross conveyor, which ensures the smoothing of the unevenness of the feed flow , which comes from the feeder, and automatically controls its operation. The uniformity of feed output depends on the beater, the design and kinematic parameters of which affect the amount of feed captured by each comb and the formation of the mass discharge roll on the assembly or discharge conveyor. Until now, the optimal parameters of the pin beaters that separate leaf-stemmed fodder have not been clarified, which leads to significant unevenness in the operation of serial feeders-dispensers. All existing dispensers do not meet the established zootechnical requirements for dosing leaf-stem materials. For the analysis of the constructive and kinematic parameters of the beaters, a developed physical model is proposed, which determines the interaction of the radial fingers of the beater with the feed monolith. The analysis of the proposed kinetics of the feed separation process and the interaction of the radial fingers with the monolith in one cycle made it possible to distinguish four periods: elastic compression and the beginning of the destruction of the feed monolith structure, which is determined by the angle α0 of contact of the finger with the monolith and the angle αkr of the rotation of the finger before the beginning of the destruction of the monolith structure; destruction of the structure of the monolith, separation of the material from the stern monolith with a finger and the formation of a drag body at the end of the pin, which is limited by the angle α1 of the formation of the stern drag body; the movement of the drawing body in contact with the elastic environment, separation of an additional portion of feed mass, free movement of material along the finger, which occurs before the beginning of the fourth period, which is limited by the angle α2=π; the period of discharge of the beater rakes, which occurs in the quadrant α3>π of the discharge of the beater. Thus, the beater, which is a rotary working body, grabs and loosens a certain layer of the mass of the monolith with the help of its fingers, overcomes the elastic compression of the material, destroys its structure, separates part of the feed from the monolith and throws it onto the unloading conveyor by centrifugal force. During the movement of the finger of the comb, a dragging body is formed at its end, which moves along the elastic feed mass. It is proved that the length of the arc of the trajectory of interaction of the beater with a variable angle of installation of the fingers is significantly greater than the length of the arc of interaction with the mass of the feed of a serial beater with a constant angle of installation of the fingers. The throughput capacity of the active beater increases, which leads to a more complete correspondence of the volume of supply by the longitudinal conveyor and the beater-separator with a variable angle of installation of the fingers, as a result of which the uniformity of the supply of the dispenser increases. The analysis of the kinematics of the movement of the fingers of the active beater established that the vertical force of elastic compression of the feed mass during the penetration of the fingers is reduced to a minimum value and thus reduces the energy consumption for the drive of the separating beater by 30–35% in comparison with radial fingers.Item Дослідження процесу сумішоутворення лопатевим змішувачем для ВРХ(ЦНТУ, 2022) Кісільов, Р. В.; Лузан, П. Г.; Богатирьов, Д. В.; Нестеренко, О. В.; Kisilyov, R.; Luzan, P.; Bohatyrov, D.; Nesterenko, O.У статті за рахунок проведеного аналізу різних існуючих конструкцій запропоновано використання новітньої схеми лопатевого змішувача кормів. Теоретичними та експериментальними дослідженнями було отримано основні конструктивні і кінематичні параметри робочих органів, що в подальшому дозволило визначити їх вплив на неоднорідність кормової суміші, тобто якісного показника, що характеризує процес підготовки кормів для згодовування. Отримані залежності досить ефективно характеризують роботу лопатевого змішувача та приготування повнораціонної збалансованої суміші для ВРХ. Dairy and meat cattle breeding of Ukraine is one of leading and most essential industries of stockraising, that provides a production of more than 95% of cow milk and 50...60% of beef. In the world market demand is on high-quality milk, beef and products of their processing constantly grows and that is why has an important economic value for development of industry of cattle breeding in agricultural production of our country. In general process of production goods of cattle breeding a decisive role belongs to forage. They have subzero quality, in most cases, insufficient quantities are produced, and their share in cost price of milk and beef is more than half of costs. In connection with transfer of animal husbandry to market farming conditions, a long-term national program has been developed, which provides for increasing the volume of milk and beef production, reducing cost of production, improving its quality, comprehensive intensification of cattle breeding by creating a strong fodder base, increasing its efficiency and productivity of grain and fodder cultures, application of new progressive feeding technologies, preparation of fodder for feeding, preparation of highly nutritious fodder mixtures and implementation of complex mechanization and automation of production processes on farms and complexes. Realization of technical and plant-breeding progress of high-performance production of milk and beef in industry requires near-term providing of animals in a sufficient amount high-quality biologically valuable forage that can be balanced in rations of cattle by organic, mineral and biologically-active nutritives and microelements and microaddings in accordance with pre-arranged productivity with maintenance of necessary for this purpose vital functions and physiology state of animal. Generalized analysis of traditional machines and technical equipments for preparation of forage mixtures for a cattle showed that existent mixers not to a full degree provided quality indexes in relation to preparation of moist forage mixtures and have a certain list of some defects. Namely, the constructions of mobile mixers exceed norms in terms of specific metal density by1,5...2 times, while the energy consumption for the drive of working bodies is 3...4 times. Such significant disadvantages of traditional mixers limit their use on cattle farms. In the article, a systematic approach of systems is considered in relation to technological process of mixing of different components of mixture, that is presented as determined model of functioning of mixer of forage of batch-type at all stages of its operation: from loading components to receiving and unloading the finished feed mixture. On the basis of the conducted research, the technological scheme of the paddle mixer, which consists of a body with a loading neck and an unloading auger, is substantiated. Flat blades with a corresponding step are hardly installed on supports along a mixer, which are equipped by radial fingers for loosening of monolith of mixture in the corps of mixer. Blades are installed with right and angle of inclination their working surface to axis of shaft. Purpose of experimental researches was envisage study of conformities to law of influence of geometrical and kinematics parameters on quality of preparation of forage mixtures. Such important factors were: frequency of rotation of billow of mixer; width of flat blade; an angle of its inclination to axis of the shaft and duration of forage mixing. After realization of experimental researches at processing of received data we applied a mathematical application that allowed to build dependences and get rational values package. They are as follows: the rational width value of blade is 45 mm, angle of its inclination is 500, the frequency of rotation of agitator shaft should not exceed 90 rpm. with duration of process 6...8 min. According to these parameters, proposed design of mixer ensures homogeneity of mixture at level of 92%, while basic homogeneity index for cattle is 86%.Item Дослідження двосекційного змішувача для приготування збалансованих сумішей на фермах ВРХ(ЦНТУ, 2020) Кісільов, Р. В.; Хмельовський, В. С.; Лузан, П. Г.; Сисоліна, І. П.; Kisilyov, R.; Khmelevsky, V.; Luzan, P.; Sysolina, I.; Кисилев, Р. В.; Хмелевский, В. С.; Сысолина, И. П.У статті на підставі проведено аналізу існуючих конструкцій запропоновано нову схему двосекційного стрічково-лопатевого змішувача. Експериментальні дослідження визначили вплив конструктивних і режимних параметрів на якість приготування кормосуміші для великої рогатої худоби. Визначена область раціональних значень при яких досягається максимальна однорідність суміші. Отримано графічні залежності, які характеризують якісну роботу двосекційного комбінованого змішувача кормів. Improving of livestock industry efficiency significantly depends on quality of feed preparation, as they are in cost structure of products are 30-60% of costs. Advanced technologies that allow to fully realize genetic potential of animals, due to the lack of necessary technical support have not become widespread. The experience of using intensive full-system technologies for livestock production shows that, along with reliable and balanced provision of farms with high quality feeds, traditional feeding systems are being improved, which are aimed at the development of economically efficient mechanized feed processing technologies and the preparation of full-range and balanced feed mixtures. Existing designs of feed mixers for cattle do not fully meet the zootechnical requirements for the preparation of multicomponent balanced complete feed mixtures, have high energy costs and high specific material consumption. Therefore, research aimed at developing working bodies for feed mixers, which will ensure the creation of a highly efficient feed base at low energy and material costs are of economic importance and is an urgent scientific task. In the article on the basis of the conducted researches the basic constructive-technological scheme of the effective single-shaft two-section mixer for realization of process of preparation of balanced mixes for cattle executed in the form of the horizontally located cylindrical case with the combined mixer consisting of section of screw tapes and flat blades (left and right) direction of inclination, the working surface of which is located at an angle of 45… 500 to the axis of the shaft and is equipped with radial fingers. The purpose of experimental research was to establish identification of developed mathematical models and adequacy of research results of proposed feed mixer and determine impact of basic parameters and modes of its operation on quality process. Аchieve this goal, mutual influence of simultaneous changes in speed of agitator shaft, width of flat blade angle of blade to axis of agitator shaft and duration of feed mixing on quality process: homogeneity of mixture and drive power of mixer shaft. Theoretical studies of the process of preparation of a balanced complete ration mixture confirmed the advantage of the developed design of the combined two-section mixer and increased the quality index (homogeneity of the mixture) to 98%. В статье на основании проведения анализа существующих конструкций предложена новая схема двухсекционного ленточно-лопастного смесителя. Экспериментальные исследования определили влияние конструктивных и режимных параметров на качество приготовления кормосмеси для крупного рогатого скота. Определена область рациональных значений при которых достигается максимальная однородность смеси. Получены графические зависимости, характеризующие качественную работу двухсекционного комбинированного смесителя кормов.Item Дослідження процесу приготування кормових сумішей для ВРХ комбінованим змішувачем(КНТУ, 2014) Кісільов, Р. В.; Лузан, П. Г.; Мачок, Ю. В.; Нестеренко, О. В.; Kisilyov, R.; Luzan, P.; Machok, Y.; Nesterenko, O.В статті проведений аналіз роботи і досліджень традиційних конструкцій змішувачів кормів, визначені напрямки вдосконалення процесу приготування кормових сумішей для ВРХ та запропонована нова конструкція комбінованого змішувача, принцип роботи якого пояснюється технологічними і розрахунковими схемами. The analysis of work and researches traditional constructions forage mixers is conducted in the article, directions of improvement process of preparation forage mixtures are certain for cows and the new combined mixer construction offers, principle of work that is explained by technological and calculation charts. Analysis of the mixing process showed that a state of complete mechanical mixing of components is achieved by disordered distribution of particles under the action of external forces working of the mixer in accordance with the requirements of zootechnical content components in all portions of the mixture with a prescription specified daily ration of feed for animals of appropriate technology. To eliminate the existing shortcomings of traditional mixers offered improved mixer with combined multisection scheme of raw material flow spiral, ribbon and flat blades. The share of each component of the mixture fall into the area of interaction of complex movements, intersections and collisions and periodically moved from one stream to another, providing intensive mass transfer and accelerates the process of mixing feed.Item Теоретичні дослідження процесу змішування кормів стрічково-лопатевим змішувачем(КНТУ, 2011) Кісільов, Р. В.; Kisilyov, R.В статті проведений аналіз роботи і теоретичних досліджень традиційних конструкцій змішувачів кормів, визначені напрямки вдосконалення процесу змішування та запропонована нова конструкція стрічково-лопатевого змішувача, принцип роботи якого пояснюється технологічними і розрахунковими схемами. Теоретично обґрунтовані кінематичні параметри і визначені енергетичні витрати. The analysis work and theoretical researches of traditional constructions of mixers forages is conducted in the article, directions improvement of process mixing are certain and the new construction band-blade mixer is offered Principle of work which is explained technological and calculation charts. In theory kinematics parameters are grounded and power expenses are certain.