Центральноукраїнський науковий вісник. Технічні науки. Випуск 7. Частина 2. - 2023
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Item Сприяння впровадженню електромобілів як науково-технічна інновація в галузі автомобільного транспорту(ЦНТУ, 2023) Гайкова, Т. В.; Мурашко, О. А.; Haikova, T.; Murashko, О.У статті розглянуто питання перспектив розвитку і поширення застосування електромобілів в Україні. Проведено аналіз та зіставлення даних статистичних звітів і аналітичних матеріалів, що характеризують стан ринків електромобілів у світі. The purpose of this study is to analyze the consequences of the implementation of the concept of market orientation on the Ukrainian market of passenger electric cars and to determine the impact of innovations on its development. It is also necessary to analyze the application of new constructive solutions in the field of road transport, which contribute to the wider introduction of electric vehicles. As of January 1, 2023, the total number of passenger electric cars registered in Ukraine is 46,830 cars. Thus, the share of electric vehicles in the total mass of vehicles in our country is about 0.5%. The main driver of the increase in the number of electric cars was economy and a higher level of environmental safety compared to diesel and gasoline cars. Ukraine prioritizes the transition to electric road transport by January 1, 2030. In 2017, the Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine developed a 15-year strategy for the development of electric transport in Ukraine. According to the Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine, as of November 1, 2021, the Ukrainian charging network for electric vehicles included 3,244 stations with 7,661 terminals. Of them, high-speed (power over 22 kW) – 1,835 units, i.e. 24%. Other 5826 units. (76%) – ordinary terminals with a capacity of up to 22 kW. The main obstacles to the wider introduction of electric vehicles are their cost, underdeveloped recharging, service and repair infrastructure, as well as an insufficient number of maintenance and repair specialists. According to analytical data, the world electric car market is facing a serious transformation. Due to a number of factors such as a jump in electricity prices in Europe, the introduction of electric car taxation, the end of subsidies, problems with the development of global charging infrastructure, a sharp increase in the prices of raw materials, in particular, lithium and nickel. As a result, as noted, the rate of growth of sales of electric cars may slow down, and in some regions may even come to nothing. Electric cars give owners the opportunity to completely abandon traditional types of fuel and save their own money, and the state to localize the sphere of regulation of the level of environmental and man-made safety in the locations of power plants.Item Сприяння впровадженню електромобілів як науково-технічна інновація в галузі автомобільного транспорту(ЦНТУ, 2023) Гайкова, Т. В.; Мурашко, О. А.; Haikova, T.; Murashko, О.У статті розглянуто питання перспектив розвитку і поширення застосування електромобілів в Україні. Проведено аналіз та зіставлення даних статистичних звітів і аналітичних матеріалів, що характеризують стан ринків електромобілів у світі. The purpose of this study is to analyze the consequences of the implementation of the concept of market orientation on the Ukrainian market of passenger electric cars and to determine the impact of innovations on its development. It is also necessary to analyze the application of new constructive solutions in the field of road transport, which contribute to the wider introduction of electric vehicles. As of January 1, 2023, the total number of passenger electric cars registered in Ukraine is 46,830 cars. Thus, the share of electric vehicles in the total mass of vehicles in our country is about 0.5%. The main driver of the increase in the number of electric cars was economy and a higher level of environmental safety compared to diesel and gasoline cars. Ukraine prioritizes the transition to electric road transport by January 1, 2030. In 2017, the Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine developed a 15-year strategy for the development of electric transport in Ukraine. According to the Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine, as of November 1, 2021, the Ukrainian charging network for electric vehicles included 3,244 stations with 7,661 terminals. Of them, high-speed (power over 22 kW) – 1,835 units, i.e. 24%. Other 5826 units. (76%) – ordinary terminals with a capacity of up to 22 kW. The main obstacles to the wider introduction of electric vehicles are their cost, underdeveloped recharging, service and repair infrastructure, as well as an insufficient number of maintenance and repair specialists. According to analytical data, the world electric car market is facing a serious transformation. Due to a number of factors such as a jump in electricity prices in Europe, the introduction of electric car taxation, the end of subsidies, problems with the development of global charging infrastructure, a sharp increase in the prices of raw materials, in particular, lithium and nickel. As a result, as noted, the rate of growth of sales of electric cars may slow down, and in some regions may even come to nothing. Electric cars give owners the opportunity to completely abandon traditional types of fuel and save their own money, and the state to localize the sphere of regulation of the level of environmental and man-made safety in the locations of power plants.Item Аналіз науково-технічних інновацій в галузі машинобудування з виявленням закономірності впливу технологічних параметрів(ЦНТУ, 2023) Гайкова, Т. В.; Ковальчук, Д. М.; Гайков, Р. М.; Haikova, T.; Kovalchuk, D.; Haikov, R.У статті розглянуто виявлення закономірності впливу технологічних параметрів на неоднорідність інтенсивності деформації та опору матеріалу пластичному деформуванню у стінці деталі при витяжці прямокутних деталей із біметалів. При розробці технологічного процесу отримання виробів з шаруватих металів з попереднім зчепленням шарів необхідно враховувати пошарові деформації, їх залежності від параметрів процесів формозміни, їх механічні властивості, а також вплив термомеханічних параметрів обробки на міцність з’єднання складових. Based on the analysis of scientific and technical information, it established that today layered metals are one of the most modern and promising materials used in all branches of mechanical engineering and national economy. The use of bimetals allows you to achieve significant cost savings, obtain materials with unique properties, increase production efficiency and competitiveness of a wide class of parts and equipment. The purpose of the article is to analyze the methods of determining the stress state of a workpiece with heterogeneous mechanical characteristics in the process of plastic deformation and to determine the stress-strain state when drawing rectangular parts from bimetals. As a result, of unequal deformation conditions in different parts of the contour, as well as anisotropy of the mechanical properties of the workpiece material, the height of box-shaped parts is even more uneven than the height of axisymmetric parts obtained by drawing. Therefore, in the manufacturing process of such parts, cutting of the uneven edge provided. The trimming allowance depends on the relative height of the part. The bigger it is, the bigger the allowance. Since the flange naturally thickens during drawing in the corner sections of the part contour, this phenomenon taken into account when determining the gap between the punch and the die of the drawing die: in the corner sections, the gap should be greater than in the straight sections of the die contour. Extrusion of box-shaped parts from bimetals causes even greater unevenness of deformations. A different amount of deformation of the layers of the bimetallic work piece imposed on the general sign change of the voltages, which causes bending and warping of the rectilinear parts of the semi-finished product, and therefore, the impossibility of obtaining a high-quality product. Based on the analysis of the stress-strain state of the workpiece in the process of drawing bimetal. The following provisions are proposed: if the mechanical properties of the metal layers do not differ - the two-layer metal behaves like a single-layer, then the ratio of the thicknesses of the two-layer metal does not change after drawing; if the mechanical properties of the layers differ, then the ratio of the thicknesses of the two-layer metal changes after drawing. Thus, when the ratio σs1/σs2 decreases, the thickness of the first layer, which has lower mechanical properties, decreases at the output; the thickness ratio after drawing also depends on the initial ratio of metal thicknesses. Based on the analysis of the stress-strain state of the work piece during the extraction of box parts, the following methods and techniques have been determined for obtaining high-quality parts by extraction and saving material: use metals with similar mechanical properties; the desire to increase the curvature of the corner zones of the work piece; to calculate the dimensions of the work piece for the hood with the involvement of modern mathematical apparatus (potential method); use brake media instead of brake ribs; affect the center of deformation, increasing the effect of unloading tangential stresses.